Often Seen, Seldom Thought About: Singapore's 9,000 Drain Covers And Manholes

Nicholas Yong
Tue, 09 Mar 2021 00:00:00 Z

Did you know that it takes three statutory boards to take care of them? This and other interesting facts ahead.

Grilled gratings like this one allow for surface run-off to prevent ponding after it rains, and are structurally safe for runners and cyclists.Photo: Wonderwall.sg

Like everyone at the start of the new year, I’ve decided to start exercising (again!) by taking up running on a weekly basis (until I can someday afford gym equipment for my home). While working up a sweat, I’ve started noticing something during my weekly runs.

We have quite a lot of drain covers in Singapore, don’t we?

A PUB officer checking a drain along Upper Paya Lebar Road on 1 Jan 2021.
Posted by PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency on Saturday, 2 January 2021

Some drains are completely covered, while others have grills – which got me thinking about why they come in various shapes and sizes. I’m also probably not the only one who notices how runners and cyclists try to actively avoid them. My bae has a fear of actually falling into one of them. Know someone like that too?

To satisfy my curiosity, I sent an e-mail to PUB to learn about our ubiquitous drain covers; what’s the difference between the ones with and without gaps, and how does PUB decide where they are supposed to go?

Thankfully, Si Soon Beng, Principal Engineer at PUB’s Catchment & Waterways Department (Drainage Operations) was more than equipped to answer my weird questions.

Intense rainfall this morning resulted in flash floods in several areas which lasted between 10 and 20 minutes. By...
Posted by PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency on Tuesday, 23 June 2020

How do our drain covers function and why is there a need to have so many of them?

As land is scarce in Singapore, most roadside drains are covered to double up as footpaths. Gratings over closed drains (which we call “drain covers”) serve as maintenance accesses to the closed drains.

PUB’s contractors make use of these drain covers to enter the closed drains to carry out structural repair works and to ensure the functionality of the drains in conveying storm water.

On the other hand, NEA’s service providers also make use of these accesses to carry out regular cleansing works to the drains so that there won’t be any formation of stagnant water which may lead to mosquito breeding when the drain is choked.

Fact: There are 9,000 drain covers and manholes in Singapore

Who decides where to put drain covers and which ones to use?

The maintenance of the drain covers are undertaken by LTA since they form part of the footpaths. The details of the drain covers are designed in accordance with LTA’s latest Standard Details of Road Elements.

In general, mild steel heavy duty gratings are used for closed drains subjected to vehicular loadings, whereas mild steel light duty gratings are used for pedestrian loadings.

Did you know that three statutory boards - PUB, NEA (The National Environment Agency) and LTA (Land Transport Authority) - have a part to play when it comes to our drain covers?Photo: Wonderwall.sg

Ok, we have a burning question: What’s the difference between drain covers with grills and the completely covered ones, and why do they alternate?

The size and spacing of drain covers are stipulated in PUB’s Code of Practice on Surface Water Drainage. Drain covers are by default covered with full chequered plates (the completely covered ones).

However, there are circumstances when we use the grilled type without the chequered plates to allow surface runoff to discharge directly into the drain below to alleviate any water ponding issue (unwanted collection of water) on the surface after rain.

I’ve noticed that runners and cyclists often avoid drain covers with great fear. Are they really that unstable?

As they are designed minimally for pedestrian loadings, drain covers are structurally stable for the use of runners and cyclists.

Got fine ah, if you damage the drain cover?

Drain covers are part of the storm water drainage system. Under Section 30 of the Sewerage and Drainage Act, any person who causes any damage to any storm water drainage system or drain shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $40,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both.

via GIPHY

Now you know! So, every time you pass one when you're out jogging, just say "grating... grating... grating..." Good way of pacing yourself also.